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Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), also known as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), are infections spread primarily through sexual contact (activity). STDs are caused by bacteria, viruses, fungal or parasites infection. They can affect multiple areas of the body, but the genital region, mouth, and throat are particularly vulnerable. 

Types of Common STDs may include:

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1. Bacterial STDs

  • Chlamydia - infects the genital tract, rectum, and throat.

  • Gonorrhea - infects the genital tract, rectum, and throat, with resistance to antibiotics.

  • Syphilis - characterized by stages, from sores to serious systemic symptoms if left untreated.

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2. Viral STDs

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) - attacks the immune system and, if untreated, can progress to AIDs.​

  • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) - includes many strains, some causing genital warrs and others linked to cancer.

  • Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) - leads to sores on the mouth or genital area.

  • Hepatitis B (HBV) - can cause liver damage and is also transmissible through blood.

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3. Parasitic STDs

  • Trichomoniasis - often leads to discomfort and discharge​​​

  • Public Lice (Crabs) - tiny insects that infest public hair, causing itching and irritation.​​

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It is important to note that many STDs may not initially be asymptomatic, and this "silent" nature can allow infections to progress, increasing the risk of transmission to others. While some may also be transmitted via non-sexual means, such as blood transfusion, shared needles, from mother to child during childbirth.

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Symptoms of STDs varies greatly depending on the specific infection, and can range from mild to severe, while some shows no symptoms at all. Some common symptoms may include:

  • Painful urination

  • Genital sores, warts, or ulcers

  • Unusual discharge from penis or vagina

  • Itching, irritation, or rash in genital area

  • Pain during sex

  • Flu-like symptoms (e.g., fever, body aches) in certain areas

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How can we help you?

Treatment of STDs varies, depending on the type of infections. They may include:

  • Antibiotics - effective against bacterial STDs such as Chlamydia, Gonorrhea and Syphilis. Early treatment can cure these infections entirely, but untreated case may lead to serious health complications.

  • Antivirals Medications - while viral STDs cannot be cured, these medications can manage symptoms and reduce the likelihood of transmission, reducing outbreaks.

  • Parasitic Medications & Creams - these medications can target parasites, curing these infections entirely.

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​Diagnosis for STDs: 

Diagnosing STDs may include:

  • Physical Examination - identifies visible symptoms like sores, rashes, or warts.

  • Lab Test - such as blood test, urine samples, and swabs from affected areas to detect the type of infection.

  • Screening - regular screenings are recommended for sexually active individuals, especially those with multiple partners, as early detection can prevent complications and reduce spread.

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