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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), commonly referred to as lupus, is a chronic autoimmune diseases n which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues and organs. This immune response causes inflammation that can affect multiple body systems, including the skin, joints, kidneys, heart, lungs, brain and blood cells. Lupus can vary significantly in severity, affecting some people mildly while others experiences life-threatening complications.

About 80% of patients with SLE have skin involvement (Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus - CLE), and it is the first sign of SLE in about one-quarter of them. Various types of CLE include:

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1. Acute CLE [**Most Common**]

  • Central face malar or butterfly rash, which appears as symmetrical, red.

  • Blistering rash, if severe, this may resemble toxic epidermal necrolysis. 

  • Mucosal erosions and ulcerations on the lips, nose, mouth, or genitals.

  • Rashes mainly on sun-exposed sites

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2. Subacute CLE

​Flat, scaly patches resembling psoriasis, often in a network pattern. Annular (ring-shaped) and overlapping circular lesions.

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3. Chronic CLE

  • Hyperpigmented plaques on skin​

  • Mucosal erosions and ulcerations on the lips, nose, mouth, or genitals.

  • Hypertrophic (warty) lupus

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The exact cause of lupus remains unclear, through a combination of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors is believed to contribute to its development.

​Symptoms of lupus varies widely and may affect different parts of the body, but generally includes:

  • Fatigue - severe tiredness that can impact daily activities and quality of life

  • Joint Pain and Swelling - especially in the hands, wrists, and knees.

  • Skin Rashes - classic butterfly-shaped rash across cheeks and nose, as well as other skin rashes often triggered by sun exposure 

  • Fever - low grade fever without apparent infection

  • Photosensitivity - sensitivity to sunlight, which can trigger rashes and other symptoms.

  • Raynaud's Phenomenon - fingers and toes turn white or blue in response to cold or stress.

  • Kidney Issues - known as lupus nephritis, which can lead to swelling in the legs, or around the eyes and high blood pressure.

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​How can we help you?

There is currently no cure for lupus, but treatment focuses on managing symptoms, reducing inflammation, and preventing organ damage. They may include:

  • Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs - for mild pain and inflammation, particularly in joints and muscles.

  • Antimalarial Drugs - controls skin and joint symptoms and prevent flares.

  • Corticosteroids - strong anti-inflammatory drugs used to control severe inflammation, they may be topical, oral or injected, but are typically prescribed at lowest effective dose dur to side effects.

  • Immunosuppressive Agents - certain medications can suppress the immune system to prevent damage.

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​Diagnosis for Lupus: 

Diagnosing lupus is challenging due to its wide range of symptoms and overlaps with other conditions. we use a combination of methods, that may include:

  • Physical Examination & Medical History - identifying symptoms like rashes, joint pain, and other common signs of lupus.

  • Blood and Urine Test - Antinuclear Antibody Test (ANA), other antibodies test can help to identify immune responses and markers for lupus accordingly. While blood test and urine test allow identification of lupus via blood cell count and protein cells count.

  • Imaging - check x-rays or echocardiograms can help assess the lung and heart inflammation.

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